Inflammation is an important part of the healing process in horses, but it can cause trouble if it becomes persistent or chronic.
Emeritus Professor David Horohov, with the Gluck Equine Research Center at the University of Kentucky, says people are familiar with the classic symptoms of inflammation: Redness, pain, swelling and heat.
This reaction occurs in response to tissue injury caused by infection or physical damage.
While inflammation is often viewed as a pathologic condition, its purpose is to reinstate physiologic balance in response to damage.
“The initial, or acute, inflammatory response is necessary to begin the healing process by eliminating debris and promoting cellular regeneration and replacement,” he writes in the latest issue of Equine Disease Quarterly.
“Chronic or persistent inflammation, by contrast, can lead to a worsening of the pathology and further debilitation.
“As such, the mechanisms underlying the initiation and resolution of inflammation are tightly regulated.”
Several pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are proteins used for cellular communication, are involved in the induction of this response. Likewise, anti-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators serve to dampen and resolve the response once the noxious stimulus is removed.
Therapeutic intervention can hasten this process by blocking some of the key intermediaries of the inflammatory response.
While nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are highly effective in limiting and resolving inflammatory conditions, they do not address the underlying cause of the inflammatory response. They can also interfere with the restorative aspects of the inflammatory response and delay the return to homeostasis.
While NSAIDS may be used to treat post-exercise soreness, their impact on the restorative aspect of the inflammatory response is unknown.
This, in addition to their other known side-effects on the gastric lining, warrants careful consideration prior to use, he says.
Nevertheless, NSAIDS are some of the most widely used medications in veterinary medicine.
Alternative approaches, including the use of nutritional supplements with anti-inflammatory properties, are widely available and heavily promoted. While some contain ingredients with anti-inflammatory properties, limited data is available regarding dosing, effectiveness and safety, especially for horses, Horohov says.
Equine Disease Quarterly is published by the University of Kentucky Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center. It is funded by Equus/Standardbred Station, Inc and M&J Insurance.
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