New increase: Wisco employees on the Tioga oilfield, North Dakota, November 2013
Ken Cedeno · Corbis · Getty
Ever for the reason that finish of the second world conflict, energy has performed a pivotal position in American international and navy coverage. For most of this time, US energy coverage has been pushed largely by a notion of vulnerability: with home oil manufacturing considered going through irreversible decline and reliant on Middle Eastern imports for an ever-increasing share of its gasoline provide, the United States was seen to be at rising danger of energy shortages.
This was introduced residence in 1973-74, when Arab oil producers imposed an embargo on exports to the US in retaliation for its help of Israel in the course of the 1973 October conflict (see When oil turned a political weapon), and once more in 1979, when Iran’s Islamic Revolution triggered a international oil scarcity.
To overcome this sense of vulnerability, the US established a everlasting navy presence within the Persian Gulf and used these forces on a number of events to make sure the uninterrupted move of oil. Those forces stay within the Gulf however right now, with the US basically self-sufficient in oil and gasoline, American energy coverage is now not pushed by the identical sense of vulnerability. Rather, the nation’s newfound energy abundance is seen in Washington as a strategic asset — one thing that may be wielded to its benefit within the international geopolitical enviornment.
This shift in official considering occurred in the course of the Obama administration, when the introduction of fracking expertise enabled the exploitation of America’s huge shale formations and an upward flip in US oil output. According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the US Department of Energy, home crude oil manufacturing declined all through the Nineteen Nineties and 2000s, dropping from 7.5 million barrels per day (mbd) in 1990 to five.5 mbd in January 2010. But then the consequences of the ‘shale revolution’ started to be felt and home crude output soared to 9.1 mbd in 2015. This eradicated fears of energy vulnerability and impressed US policymakers to contemplate the (…)
Full article: 1 638 phrases.
Michael T Klare
Michael T Klare is professor emeritus of Hampshire College (Amherst, Massachusetts) and a senior visiting fellow on the Arms Control Association in Washington DC. He is the writer, most lately, of All Hell Breaking Loose: the Pentagon’s Perspective on Climate Change, Metropolitan Books, New York, 2019.
(1) See Michael A Palmer, Guardians of the Gulf: a History of America’s Expanding Role within the Persian Gulf, 1833-1992, Free Press, New York, 1992.
(2) US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA), ‘Weekly US Field Production of Crude Oil, www.eia.gov/.
(6) See The White House, Interim National Security Strategy Guidance, March 2021, www.whitehouse.gov/.
United States: energy as a strategic software, by Michael T Klare (Le Monde diplomatique & More Latest News Update
United States: energy as a strategic software, by Michael T Klare (Le Monde diplomatique & More Live News
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