Progress then setbacks in Hong Kong's pursuit of democracy: a timeline & More News Here

Twenty-five years in the past, the United Kingdom handed the governance of Hong Kong to the People’s Republic of China in what turned often called the Hong Kong handover.

Before Hong Kong turned the worldwide monetary hub it’s immediately, it was a small fishing village in the southern half of China’s Guangdong province, and whereas previously a British colony, its historical past is intertwined with mainland Chinese politics.

Until 1997, Hong Kong was dominated by a British-appointed governor. The governor chosen members of town’s legislative council till 1985 when Hong Kongers started electing lawmakers. However, not all of the seats had been straight elected by the individuals: some had been purposeful constituencies, and others had been geographical, principally with pro-Beijing pursuits. 

On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong’s governor stepped down, and retired delivery tycoon Tung Chee-hwa turned town’s first chief government after being elected by a choice committee whose 400 members had been chosen by Beijing.

Residents had been promised common suffrage — one particular person, one vote — in Hong Kong’s structure, often called The Basic Law. And but, successive chief executives have been chosen by a small circle of elites with sturdy ties to the Chinese authorities. 

Since the 2000s, hundreds of thousands of Hong Kongers have referred to as for the chief government to be straight elected, however below Beijing’s mandate, there was no significant progress towards common suffrage.

Here is a timeline of Hong Kong’s progress and setbacks in its pursuit of democracy:

1842: Hong Kong Island turns into a Crown colony of the British Empire after it wins the First Opium War with Imperial China and indicators the Treaty of Nanking.

1860: The Crown colony expands to incorporate the Kowloon Peninsula after the United Kingdom wins the Second Opium War with China and indicators the Convention of Peking.

1898: Britain indicators the Second Convention of Peking with China to lease the New Territories for 99 years till June 30, 1997.

1949: The Chinese Communist Party establishes the People’s Republic of China. Many individuals flee to Hong Kong to flee the Communist takeover.

1966-1976: Chinese chief Mao Zedong launches the Cultural Revolution, purging anybody the federal government deems to be selling non-Communist values. Another wave of individuals attempt to make their method to Hong Kong by sea.

1976: The United Kingdom ratifies the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which extends to Hong Kong and different British-dependent territories.

1979:  Hong Kong governor Murray MacLehose represents the United Kingdom in a go to to Chinese chief Deng Xiaoping in Beijing and asks that British administration be prolonged past 1997. Deng rejects the request and says China intends to renew sovereignty over Hong Kong.

1984: China and the United Kingdom signal a joint declaration on Hong Kong’s return to China on July 1, 1997, the place the Chinese authorities guarantees Hong Kong’s capitalist system and approach of life will stay unchanged for 50 years after the handover below the “one country, two systems” association.

1985: Hong Kong holds its first-ever legislative council election, in which greater than half of its members are chosen by principally democratically elected district council deputies.

1989: The Chinese army cracks down on pupil demonstrations in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square.

1990: China’s National People’s Congress adopts Hong Kong’s Basic Law, which stipulates that Hong Kong will apply the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights after the handover, and the chief government and lawmakers will ultimately be elected by common suffrage.

1991: The Hong Kong Legislative Council introduces geographical constituencies whose representatives are straight elected by the individuals.

1996: The Chinese authorities establishes a provisional Hong Kong Legislative Council with appointees to exchange the Legislative Council elected by Hong Kong’s citizens in 1995.

1997: A committee of 400 Beijing appointees selects the primary chief government of post-handover Hong Kong a number of months earlier than town’s return to China.

2003: More than 500,000 individuals be a part of the rally towards the Hong Kong authorities’s controversial draft nationwide safety laws which, if handed, would empower native police to prosecute individuals for treason, secession, sedition and subversion towards the Chinese authorities. The metropolis’s safety minister resigns a number of weeks after the rally.

2004: China’s National People’s Congress guidelines out direct elections of the chief government in 2007 and of all legislators in 2008.

2007: China’s National People’s Congress rejects the election of the chief government and all legislators by common suffrage by 2012, saying it’s delayed till 2017. 

2010: Hong Kong’s Legislative Council approves government-proposed electoral reforms that rule out direct elections however will increase the quantity of seats in the Legislative Council election by 2012 and expands the dimensions of the committee that selects the chief government in the identical yr.

2012: Thousands of Hong Kongers maintain parades and starvation strikes to protest the Hong Kong authorities’s proposed Chinese propaganda curriculum. The proposal is scrapped in little greater than a week. 

2014: China’s National People’s Congress says candidates for Hong Kong’s chief government needs to be pre-screened earlier than they’ll run and restricted to 3. The announcement sparks the Umbrella Movement in reference to umbrellas used for defence towards police pepper spray.  The mass protests final from September to December however will not be profitable in getting the Chinese authorities to withhold its plan.

2017: The Hong Kong authorities disqualifies pro-democracy lawmakers who modified their oaths of allegiance to the People’s Republic of China throughout the swearing-in ceremony on the Legislative Council held in 2016.

2019: The Hong Kong authorities introduces a controversial draft extradition regulation that, if handed, would empower it to switch individuals to mainland Chinese courts for legal trials. The draft regulation sparks protests by hundreds of thousands of individuals.

2020: China’s National People’s Congress passes a revamped nationwide safety regulation on Hong Kong, permitting the Chinese authorities to convict individuals of secession, subversion, terrorism and collusion with overseas entities on vaguely outlined phrases.

2021: The Hong Kong authorities overhauls the electoral system so that every one candidates working for the positions of chief government and legislators are pre-screened for his or her allegiance to the People’s Republic of China.

2022: John Lee, Hong Kong’s former safety chief, who oversaw the police crackdown on protesters in 2019, is chosen as town’s chief government uncontested.

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