By some estimates, the planet would need to devote 0.5 to 5 percent of its land area to solar panels to fully decarbonize the economy by 2050. However, where space is scarce, or protected by environmental laws, this objective could create controversies and conflicts over the management of the territory. But there are other places to put solar panels with much less impact.
For example, one option is the installation of floating photovoltaic panels in places artificially created by man, such as reservoirs or large swimming pools. While still rare in the United States, floating photovoltaic systems, also called floatovoltaicsare gaining popularity around the world, particularly in Asia.
Floating solar power offers a number of benefits, according to a team of researchers at the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Floating plates stay cooler and work more efficiently on the water. They help prevent water evaporation and can help minimize unwanted algae blooms by shading the water.
On the other hand, solar energy experts point out that floating solar systems must be built to resist water and waves. They are typically more expensive than terrestrial solar and may require additional cleanup due to biofilm buildup due to microbial activity. And they are likely to have an impact on marine plants, fish and other animals, assuming they settle in the sea or natural aquatic systems.
A team of renewable energy researchers, in an article in the journal Nature, noted that the installed capacity of floating solar power is about 3 gigawatts, compared to more than 700 gigawatts for terrestrial systems. But reservoirs around the world, which together cover an area the size of France, offer considerable space to widely extend their development, international agencies report.
Covering 10 percent of the world’s hydropower reservoirs with floating solar panels could produce 4,000 gigawatts of power-generating capacity, equivalent to the electricity-generating capacity of all the fossil fuel plants in operation worldwide, the researchers point out.
Putting floating solar power in about a quarter of the 24,000 reservoirs in the United States would produce about 10 percent of the electricity the country now generates, the NREL research team calculated.
A NASA Applied Earth Sciences Program project called Prediction of World Energy Resources (POWER) is harnessing a trove of environmental remote sensing data and assimilation models to help renewable electricity providers and planners find optimal locations. for solar power installations.
VTV/MQ/DNA
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